<div dir="ltr">A share just for those interested in the other data & discussions re: earlier & current guidelines for Covid prevention (either serious outcomes, community transmission, or both) and how different approaches have led to different results for death/serious illness numbers here vs. elsewhere, from a qualified medical doctor/epidemiologist, with evidence/data/research & public health references. <div><br></div><div>It can be helpful for community members to see some additional figures & information on protective science especially if they are caring neighbors of, family/friends/cohabitating with, or themselves in a high-risk category for Covid. Or in a profession/situation involving any congregate care environment. Because many mitigation measures are being discontinued in communities, it makes it potentially worthwhile knowing more context about the state of things with the SARS Co-V-2 pathogen presently and in the coming months, from the science, and scientist's perspective (and given massive outbreaks just emerging in other places (China, parts of the EU and elsewhere) right now).</div><div><br></div><div>Two sets of details follow, and there are further newsletters beyond, for those who are interested to subscribe to separately from this message if they choose. Feel free to share/cross post as wished, or simply ignore/delete if not interested. --DH<br>-----------------------------------<br></div><div><div class="gmail-gs" style="margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 20px;width:1504px;font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:medium"><div class="gmail-"><div id="gmail-:6v9" class="gmail-ii gmail-gt gmail-adO" style="direction:ltr;margin:8px 0px 0px;padding:0px;font-size:0.875rem"><div id="gmail-:51q" class="gmail-a3s gmail-aiL" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:small;line-height:1.5;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;overflow:hidden"><div dir="ltr"><div><a href="https://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/p/new-cdc-mask-guidance-my-two-cents?utm_source=url&fbclid=IwAR2JziTkA5mr2JWFGZyL6lUxEw2Av2F2JrszjS8yH-07TQnJteSEDwsmhNY&s=r" target="_blank">https://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/p/new-cdc-mask-guidance-my-two-cents?utm_source=url&fbclid=IwAR2JziTkA5mr2JWFGZyL6lUxEw2Av2F2JrszjS8yH-07TQnJteSEDwsmhNY&s=r</a><br><br><p style="line-height:1.6em;margin:0px 0px 1em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Spectral,serif,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:19px">I wouldn’t be a scientist without critiques. I think these critiques are pretty big, too:</p><ul style="margin-top:0px;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Spectral,serif,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:19px"><li style="margin:7.5px 0px 7.5px 15px"><p style="line-height:1.6em;margin:0px"><em><strong>Case level definition:</strong></em> It’s not clear to me how they arrived at their new case metric: 200 cases per 100K in the past week. (<span style="background-color:rgb(255,0,255)">Before today masks were needed at 50 cases per 100K in the past week). No scientific justification was provided</span>. And I’m shocked the CDC is comfortable with this high level of transmission given long COVID19 implications, given that not everyone has access to the vaccine, and given high excess death to high risk individuals (like we’re <a href="https://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/p/two-week-recap-denmark-ba2-and-boosters?utm_source=url" rel="" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line:none">seeing in Denmark </a>with high levels of transmission. Vaccines are great but not perfect).</p><p style="line-height:1.6em;margin:0px"></p><p style="line-height:1.6em;margin:0px">To demonstrate, this morning the CDC’s old guidance said that 3,074 counties should wear a mask indoors. This afternoon their new guidance says only 1,200 counties need to mask. This is a big difference. And, honestly, I’m a bit uncomfortable with this high level of transmission in the community.</p></li></ul><div style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:16px;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Spectral,serif,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:19px"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F150b86a4-e030-4cde-96d7-88bd88ef01f2_2269x1057.png" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration-line:none;display:flex;padding:0px;margin:0px auto;width:auto;height:auto;border:0px"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F150b86a4-e030-4cde-96d7-88bd88ef01f2_2269x1057.png" width="1456" height="678" alt="" class="gmail-CToWUd" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 0px auto;"></a></div><p style="line-height:1.6em;margin:0px 0px 1em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Spectral,serif,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:garamond,"times new roman",serif;font-size:large">--- A key thing to </span>consider<span style="font-family:garamond,"times new roman",serif;font-size:large"> also (stated in article, on NYT & WaPo articles & podcasts with public health folks and others: the growing level of asymptomatic & mild sympto people who aren't testing to add to the figures the CDC advisory is based upon, and the growing number who lie about a positive test result (or just avoid a test) because people who call to work sick or with test results are getting fired, or they can't afford missed work, or to have a sick child/family member at home and miss work to care for them (or protect others) with similar unwanted outcomes. Many medical folk make it clear that the CDC specifically </span>ending the effort<span style="font-family:garamond,"times new roman",serif;font-size:large"> to reduce transmission means we won't know in </span>enough advance<span style="font-family:garamond,"times new roman",serif;font-size:large"> to prevent flow on effects on hospital surges, more thousands of unnecessary deaths, and breakdown of healthcare systems that affect non-Covid patients and their health outcomes. It's a head-scratching approach, poor on data collection and continuation, to be basing decision making upon. The CDC has struggled to lead in this global crisis....other decision makers should use information to be better at leading communities than what the agency's been able to do so far. (We need them, but we need better effort). </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="font-kerning:auto"><img src="https://mailgun.substack.com/api/v1/email/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjIwMzE2MTEzMzQxLjIuOGMwNTNmZTcyNjMwZWUyYy41MWEwOXRyZEBtZzIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tPiIsInUiOjU5MjY5NjY0LCJyIjoiZGhhd2tpbnM5MTMzMTFAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiZCI6Im1nMi5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20iLCJwIjo1MDExMjk5NywidCI6Im5ld3NsZXR0ZXIiLCJhIjoiZXZlcnlvbmUiLCJzIjoyODEyMTksImMiOiJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwiaWF0IjoxNjQ3NDMwNDYyLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImVvIn0.y-By8pRO6TfacCHyrhC8cToi2Ve-pv2DAEIkiPFrHWU" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0" style="height: 1px; width: 1px; border-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td width="550"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left" width="550"><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0px auto;max-width:550px;width:550px"><table role="presentation" width="auto" style="border-spacing:0px;padding:16px 0px"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="padding:0px;text-align:center"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJx1kktv4jAUhX8N2RH5kQdZZDEiQwUt0FERDLOJHPuSGBI74ziE9NfXKatZjGT7yvY5utL9DmcWSm3GtNWd9aYjt2MLqYKhq8FaMF7fgcmlSMOEREkUBZ5IA4EX4cKTXX4xAA2TdWpND17bF7XkzEqtJgdZYIITr0oBo4QX4YLhWCBMGBWCoyIQSYgCGsTxszHrhQTFIYU7mFEr8Oq0srbtZvTHjKzcGnVvas1ZDa0U0Ehd61J21u_6orOM33yuGydrp83UpODz1kDLDAgFXTfv5jdtgM3vEqxizYyurL6BmtEMxg3m5Dj-JvVtfdV4f1iT_eFMdstBstMKubfH7vqL7rLtsMvOj7flpuV0K_dyM4jT2m6v5WN7_Rmu5SA5PUqnl_wl-RRLPP45ra7ipb4XcpP4Bc2WcLKv53b7Pkb7LKoul7_nUx2_Qvb--XGsDh_3Si-DN-wGnBJECKI4wpjSAPvEX3AU0gvEJKIIgHA_xAwl1ohZgJqS_DMKz6SiYsNNqi5xfoydppxofX86WLmrTa-kHXNQrKhBPDnaZxy-yeYlKDAuJiJnNsVREAcUBRFBGD-xTdFwF5Iksee6C-1cKv0Pqi_SoNRn" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><img role="presentation" width="550" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523ac601-a63a-4d07-906e-bc4e7bfbb83a_2200x440.png" style="display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: middle; width: 550px; border: none;"></a></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="line-height:26px"><div style="line-height:26px"><div dir="auto" style="line-height:26px;margin-bottom:12px;text-align:initial;width:550px;word-break:break-word"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px"><em>Si quiere leer la versión en español, pulse <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkE2OhCAQhU_TLA2UiLBgMZu5hkEobdIKhp_pePvBdjOTFEUI9erle9YUXGM69RFzIVebynmgDvjOG5aCidSMafJODwqEEoITp7ljcpDE52lJiLvxmy6pIjnqvHlrio_hUoBkwBR5aiEXM8hFICAoKd1ouJRSiIXOEuyAt7GpzmOwqPEH0xkDkk0_Sznyo_96wHerXPHwDncft7i2Y83W5TrnYuyrs3FvI8RroAC0Z4Kxvuesg05aOvQLjiB6igi2G5ihqiT34HRf4d8KkrR7mvfLh6yanrE2s16En88GOLV7r8GXc8Jg5g3dzV7uCD9pTCsGTC1aN5mimeAj7ykXQBm7Ua842wOUGklzd7Gpgj5jTR-oP5Q-l19frI3W" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">aquí</a>.</em></p></div><hr style="background:rgb(223,233,246);border:none;height:1px;margin:25.6px 0px;padding:0px"></div></div><div dir="auto" style="line-height:26px;padding:9.6px 0px"><div style="line-height:26px"><h1 style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:"SF Compact Display",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1.625em;line-height:33.8px;margin:0.378em 0px 0px"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJx1ks1y2yAUhZ_G2tkjkCybBYs0iVM6tVwlGk_cjQbDlU0sgQpIjvz0RfGqi87wM8A53JnzXcE9nIwdaWecj6al8mMHVMPVNeA92Kh3YCsl6ZLgjGRZGkmaSrReriPlqtoCtFw11Nseoq4_Nkpwr4yeHHiNMCLRmWK0kphnnEtxFAnKkhRhqNdAEoLqIyb3wryXCrQACgPY0WiIGnr2vnOz5GGGN2GMpreNEbyBTklolWnMSTm_cP3ReS4uC2HaIOumyfWkEPPOQsctSA3Ozd38Yizw-aDAa97Oko03F9Cz5AnGH0jg_fiOmwv7MGhXMrwrDzh_vCrxQm5yQ7rfjyzLy4fPbcmWu1I41jZnGe625SHOb8Vt-1Tg7dtV8ff8Fv5Q4vte_SxZGvSfuzfmmM7RQbGM6W-DSAov2v35kLx2R5yqulj8ifN0-TkcWDN4w56f69PuI7_5vZtnBRs2xQug4ZX8Wme5iRTFMcZxyBKhJMS5wIu1iJdJDSucJTEAFosl4jHxVs7SuD3hf0KKLJVnfr0o7UjwIxQ0p4nj12PAWIW97bXyYwWaHxuQd8L-3ihfzKsTaLChgWTFPUVZukqTOM1wjNAd6NQ04YAJWUWhujTBpel_IP4FpfrclA" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration-line:none">Pandemic Preparedness: S. Korea, Vietnam, and…the U.S?</a></h1><table style="margin:1em 0px"><tbody><tr><td><div style="line-height:26px"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNUMuOwyAM_Jpya4QNeR047GV_I6LgpGwJREC2yt8vaS4rWX7IHo1njC60xHSoLebCzjSVYyMV6J09lUKJ7ZnS5KxqR-zGrpPMKmlhaAfm8jQnolU7r0raiW37wzuji4vhROAACCN7Kpj5qFHDgK2UXABJqWcLZjCtAI3iIta7dRQMKfqldMRAzKtnKVu-ia8bftfI-yMXbV6NiWsdtxRn56l22CP2nOP9VfX4I9x_qFYXNHMKOWLl7ACEkNBgMxjeipl67AQnQtO0oPlYkr1Jvi7Y_GdhSdmnfr9cyGPFA9Sb5RT8WVa9U63rHlw5Jgr64cleVpTL0Y8500KBUv3MTroo6GQvBZcdcoBL-eluHXAce1bZbayooI64Jx-N9rQ5S6uLPi4ulz_4DpEI" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><div style="line-height:26px"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_90,h_90,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1cf8441-2181-452a-a5af-364eb49b32b5_828x1792.png" height="45" width="45" alt="" style="border-radius: 50%; display: block; height: 45px; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: middle; width: 45px; border: none;"></div></a></div></td><td><div style="line-height:1em;margin-left:12px"><div style="color:rgb(118,118,118);font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:14px;line-height:17px"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNUMuOwyAM_Jpya4QNeR047GV_I6LgpGwJREC2yt8vaS4rWX7IHo1njC60xHSoLebCzjSVYyMV6J09lUKJ7ZnS5KxqR-zGrpPMKmlhaAfm8jQnolU7r0raiW37wzuji4vhROAACCN7Kpj5qFHDgK2UXABJqWcLZjCtAI3iIta7dRQMKfqldMRAzKtnKVu-ia8bftfI-yMXbV6NiWsdtxRn56l22CP2nOP9VfX4I9x_qFYXNHMKOWLl7ACEkNBgMxjeipl67AQnQtO0oPlYkr1Jvi7Y_GdhSdmnfr9cyGPFA9Sb5RT8WVa9U63rHlw5Jgr64cleVpTL0Y8500KBUv3MTroo6GQvBZcdcoBL-eluHXAce1bZbayooI64Jx-N9rQ5S6uLPi4ulz_4DpEI" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(26,26,26);text-decoration-line:none">Katelyn Jetelina</a></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin:4px 0px 0px"><tbody><tr><td title="2022-03-16T11:33:58.042Z" style="font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";color:rgb(118,118,118);font-size:14px;height:14px;line-height:14px;padding:2px 12px 2px 0px;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap">Mar 16</td><td style="font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";color:rgb(118,118,118);font-size:14px;height:14px;line-height:14px;padding:0px 12px 0px 0px;text-indent:3px;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJx1UkuPmzAQ_jXhVoRtngcO22SzJV1AW6GkyQUZe0Kc8LCMWUJ_fU3SHnqoZM1oxvPN82NUQ92rOZb9oK1FlHqWEHcwDQ1oDcoaB1Cl4LEXYT_yfdfisctR6IWWGMqzAmipaGKtRrDkWDWCUS36bkHgEGEUWZc48jyfhQFHzA1D98wrQkl0ZsgLQgoVdZ6F6cgFdAxi-AQ19x1YTXzRWg4r8rLCW_PmflRNz2gDUnBoRd_0tRi0PYzVoCm72axvTRiVwshPZMSS2KhHj18UULb0tiJb3d_A6A3MO8Twfv6Jm1ty7VFeJDgvjjhbT4K9Rb_4NpKndeJnxcs9LRIvL9iQdLvmeMgceohGgxGuxLdETIIeto6x79n1g2SbdMo2x_v7eicZSUUudhM_JDq91vf0-uot8YzsxYJn7f5yJD9khV1x_rC9EUm1zk9HUp0uwfD18H0fnt4zsa6aPJVdcH0jb-xb8erVbIX9UbflYNbCwEzzdw9__C1wMbbLlMv4loixg7FDkI8QIS6ysR0yxyNnCLBPHADMbA9RJ9KKr1ynrfE_i7VUzC90uoluiAweIRNTL4kfn-b0pdHt2Ak9l9DRqgH-ZIV-kuvRRFlDB8qQjpdUx8h3A5c4ro8dhJ4kWIhmDBxFgWWq896guvg_h_8NoRvuOQ" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="display:block;text-decoration-line:none"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_28,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FHeartIconRounded%3Fv%3D3%26height%3D28%26fill%3D%2523757575%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="14" height="14" alt="" style="display: inline-block; float: left; height: 14px; max-width: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: auto; border: none;"></a></td><td style="font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";color:rgb(118,118,118);font-size:14px;height:14px;line-height:14px;padding:0px 12px 0px 0px;text-indent:3px;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJx1UsFy2yAQ_RrrZg0gGVsHHdIkTunUcp1oPHEvGgxrm1gCFZBs-euL4vbQQ2eAGZb3dpe3T3APR2OHvDXOR-NR-aGFXMPF1eA92KhzYCsl81lGaEZpGsk8lXgxW0TKVQcL0HBV5952ELXdvlaCe2X0yCALTHAWnXJEAM0TipP5Yg8p5SjjhCSHFDjiMhXze2HeSQVaQA492MFoiOr85H3rJsnDhCzDGkxnayN4Da2S0ChTm6NyPnbd3nkuzrEwTYC14-Z6RIhpa6HlFqQG56ZuejYW-LRX4DUfsYHRgPahxtKbM-hJ8gTDNyzIdngn9Zl9GLwuGVmXO1I8XpR4yW5ymbU_HxktyofrqmSzdSkca-qTDLFVuUPFbXNbPW3I6u2i-HtxCzmU-LpV30uWBvx1_cYc0wXeKUaZ_tKLZONFsz3tktd2T1J12MS_UJHOrv2O1b037Pn5cFx_FDe_dVO6Yf1y8wK4f81-LGhhJoR2vqlckEZA6P6vFn_iDUjVNeOvxjFFKieIEJRginGSpDgm8UKgWXKAOaEJAiAinuEwIG_lJEXNkfwjbmRzeeKXs9IuC3yMA-Y4Jv58DOOvRj07rfxQgeb7GuTdGf5usM8mqiNosMF4suI-xzSdpwlKKUEY340wmi1cSJbNo1BdmsDS-X-G_xvcL_Bj" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="display:block;text-decoration-line:none"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_28,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FCommentIconRounded%3Fv%3D3%26height%3D28%26fill%3D%2523757575%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="14" height="14" alt="Comment" style="display: inline-block; float: left; height: 14px; max-width: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: auto; border: none;"></a></td><td style="font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";color:rgb(118,118,118);font-size:14px;height:14px;line-height:14px;padding:0px;text-indent:3px;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJx1UsGO2jAQ_RpyI4rtEOJDDhUpK9gFtloEpZfI2BNiSOzUdoDs19eBVmoPlWxL8_xmRvPmcebgpE2ftdq6YHgK17eQKbjZGpwDE3QWTCFFNqE4oUkSByKLBUonaSBtURqAhsk6c6aDoO2OteTMSa2GDJwijGhQZVBSOKZTjBIRC0ijEqdASQlTmhJKcPlszDohQXHI4Aqm1wqCOquca-2IfBnhuT-97kytOauhlQIaqWt9ktaFtjtax_gl5LrxtHa4TA0MPm4NtMyAUGDt2I4v2gAbXyU4xZoRmXeuKawvy2FE8j91RjgZ8AaE7Dwpf4z4G-RaOVBuYFe-rkcZHwb-C3D6AkMM_RJxvOu_4_qyOGu02S7wZnvA69lNsv088th9ff5G1vnqts4P97fZsuVkJTdyeRP7hVudT_fV-etkIW-Sk530fMlf6KeYof7Hfn4WL_X1KJc0PJJ8Bnv3emhX732yyZOqLH8e9vX0FfL3z49dtf24VnoWvyG_tAxHGEcEJQgREqMQhymPJsM2cEIiAMzDCWIRdUaM4qg54X_kDUwmKna7SGWpz0fIc06DPI9PbwAvUNN0Srq-AMWONYinN9zTYg8pixMoMN56omAuQ0k8jUkUJzhC6GmFwW4-wJROA99daJ-lsv-s_xc4KfKp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="display:block;text-decoration-line:none"><img src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_32,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FRecommendIconRounded%3Fv%3D2%26height%3D32%26fill%3D%2523757575%26stroke%3Dnone%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="16" height="16" alt="Share" style="display: inline-block; float: left; height: 16px; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: top; width: 16px; border: none;"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div dir="auto" style="line-height:26px;padding:9.6px 0px"><div dir="auto" style="line-height:26px;margin-bottom:12px;text-align:initial;width:550px;word-break:break-word"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">The U.S. is at a pivotal moment. We can learn from our mistakes to prepare for future mutations and new public health threats. Or we can continue a “deadly cycle of panic and neglect”.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Other countries, like South Korea and Vietnam, have had very effective responses to SARS-CoV-2. This was because of the lessons they learned from previous flawed responses, like MERS and SARS. By preparing, they were able to save hundreds of thousands of lives during this pandemic.</p><div style="line-height:26px;margin-bottom:16px;text-align:center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:8px auto"><tbody><tr><td></td><td align="left" width="592"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUt2upCAMfprxTgMFFC64ONlkX8MgVIeMggfwzLpPvzhebUL6y9evaWtNwSWmU-8xl-YSYzl31AHfecVSMDVHxjR6p4WCXvU9b5zmjkohG5_HOSFuxq-6pAOb_ZhWb03xMVwIkBSoap565hMCpQBAmOn5NANyOSBwBXaQ1t3E5nAeg0WNP5jOGLBZ9bOUPT_Y1wN-12dd6PIx5WLsq7NxqyG_mQWrnrHY56VrmRIf8Ov7NtjXEqOr_ryOe4pLwpz9D9Z4Loh7RdwUIC4ScdFUMR32hTWfWiRimqzk7WQMazkbsFWCyta4icGEw6Ak7zLrzGb-xmDe-e6r1riH8TE_TeaPSTgiKCPaGaRouSR9WyfSt4pzJd0wG0vlSKngfxSHbg9L4zWQa3C0p5QxTjvopCWCzThAz0gtZztBDVEluQcn2wL_zahJ2j3N--VDVhVPaf2zXCv7JGuTY9XbEXw5RwxmWtHdyyz3TXzWOy4YMNVbcaMpmvZ84IzwHgil9-6u-6gOKDU0ld3Figr6jEdaozUr7t7h5uMaF5_LPztCy6w" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="border:none;display:block;height:auto;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration-line:none;width:auto"><img alt="" width="550" height="448.96013864818025" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_1184,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04ee29a5-f285-4806-a646-94498d7fac18_1154x942.png" style="display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; border: none; width: auto;"></a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div><h4 style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:"SF Compact Display",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1.125em;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0px 0.625em"><strong>South Korea’s lesson</strong></h4><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">In 2015, South Korea was hit with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) from a traveler returning from the Middle East. The South Korea outbreak involved <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkMGKxCAMhp9mPIpGa9uDh2Vhbwv7BsVqpiNjtaid0rdfOwMSTWL483_WVFxSPvWWSiVXmOq5oY54lIC1YiZ7wTx5p7sR1KiUJE5Lx4duIL5M94y4Gh90zTuSbZ-Dt6b6FK8JGDjwkTz0zPq7YZ0Y-kEo5kC5kQuQBriQXLj5I2x25zFa1PjCfKaIJOhHrVu5ia8b_LRzHAeNdvY0hpVG_6BLerXyttoWTa7eBizt-ff73Q2SKSZbQrwGBsAEV5yLJkiBDrZtc8celGCIYGnHDRtrdjfJ1gVo2edSjX1Sm1aStXuY4-ljaVsLztuf5fL8bjbLU7vXPfp6ThjNHNB9aNQP1DefacGIucF2k6maK9lLwaQCxvnH_AW4JTCOPWnqLrWpqM-055CsCbh5h6tPIS2-1H87uZBn" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">186</a> confirmed cases, 16,752 suspected cases, and 38 fatalities. All of which could be explained through 5 superspreader events and/or patient exposures across 16 hospitals. South Korea’s MERS epidemic was the second highest outside of the Arabian Peninsula. While the epidemic only lasted for 2 months, close to 17,000 people were quarantined, many South Koreans lived in fear, and the economic loss was high: <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUMuOwyAM_JpyRGAIIQcOe9nfiAi4KVoCEZBW-fsljWT5IXtszzjbcM3lNHuujVxubueOJuGnRmwNCzkqljl4M0ygJqUk8UZ6rgdNQp2fBXGzIZpWDiT7scTgbAs5XQjQHPhEXmZ5DhycZ0yMapKo5YjaaeXBDc4Kre7D9vABk0ODbyxnTkiiebW214f4ecBvt75_Q0-TWwJNcaMpvOia370DoxRCaN1TEgwwACa44lwIySlQ7dggnjiCEgwRHB24ZVMr_iHZtgKtx1KbdX_U5Y0U41_28xdSnTqe8z6zXhy_zf7C3ON2pNDOGZNdIvqbfbtF_Ooxr5iwdHH9bJvhSvb_mFTAOL_JXoL2AqZpJP26zx2VzJmPErOzEffgcQs55jXU9g__zIu2" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">~9.3 trillion</a> Korean won (~8.5 billion U.S. dollars).</p><div style="line-height:26px;margin-bottom:16px;text-align:center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:8px auto"><tbody><tr><td></td><td align="left" width="1274"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUsuupCAQ_Zpmp-GpsGBxM8n8huFR2qQVvIC3x_n6wXY1CaknVeekqpypsKR86j2Vii4x1XMHHeFdVqgVMjoK5Cl4LRQd1DBw5DX3RAqJQpnmDLCZsOqaD0D7YdfgTA0pXhVUEkoUemo_KyH95UksjLDcWmcwYAZecmzdDWwOHyA60PAD-UwR0Kqfte7lwb4e9Hd7zse-HLZU4169S1sLhc0s0PQM1T0v3drU9KC_vm-DfS0p-ebP67TntGQoJfxAi5cKsLeKG4KKC0RcME3Yw72g5XMHWDSyknfWGNZxNkKnBJGd8ZZRC-OoJO8L681m_qZo3uXm1Xrcw_iYH5LlYxou3CA97pjHc8cVJ50R3HaeYoX5YBmjfiJ05H_aqPs9LihoiinFjAyEMMZJT3vpsGAzjHRgGIC6XhCDVc3-wfG20P9mhLL2T_N-hVhUqyek_VmulX2SjeTU9HbEUM8JorEr-HuZ9b6Jz3qnBSLkdit-MlWTgY-cNbYUE3Lv7rqP5lClRtTQfWpVUZ_pyGtyZoU9eNhCWtMSSv0HXObMQw" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="border:none;display:block;height:auto;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration-line:none;width:auto"><img alt="" width="550" height="286.65620094191524" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_2548,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa45c68d0-3d0f-4941-a54b-d209046b332d_1274x664.png" style="display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; border: none; width: auto;"></a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>Confirmed global cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus reported to World Health Organization (WHO) as of November 17, 2017 (n = 2,103). Source <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEtuwyAQhk8TdkG8jRcsqkrdVeoNLAxThwaDBTiWb1-SSKN5_5rR52yDJZfTbLk29HRTOzcwCY4aoTUoaK9QpuCNHJkalRLIG-GplhqFOv0WgNWGaFrZAW37HIOzLeT0VDBNGR3RzehBkJnN4JQgXnGppSJS6lFKPw_Ck_dhu_sAyYGBB5QzJ0DR3Frb6oV_XNhXt-M4cHJzwCmuOIUbXvKjt7fVdW9LCy5C7enP96fUgigiXjo-6-v9L6xXRqi-Ek5RMIww1jNFKeeCYoa1I5L_wsAUJwDMYUktGVvxF0HWheG6z7VZd8cur6gYf7PHPaQ6dj2lfWd5YngNO4Wpx3VPoZ0TJDtH8G9A7c35hWxaIEHp_P1km6FKDIITofqP9M3jybwXbBwH1K_73FXJnHkvMTsbYQse1pBjXkJt__5nlTY" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Here</a></div><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">After the epidemic, the South Korean government made <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUcmO3CAU_BpzRGzG9oHDaBYph0xmspwRhtdu0jZYgMfy3wd3nyKhelRB6UlV1hSYYjrUGnNBJ-hyrKAC7HmGUiChLUPS3ql2YHKQUiCnhKN92yOf9SUBLMbPqqQN0LqNs7em-BhOB-spowO6ql50QlycrYNK0ZJeACWisyMZW8vI8FhsNuchWFDwBemIAdCsrqWsueFPDXurZ993vMTrjqeIb6kKEKaKYb8DoYR-7fhvXhv-9vH0U39_ff-jv700_IUS0jVM_i8QWqXVTHDyen3-8f5b_3r9rJQzSSRBXjHCGOFUUsq5oJjh3pKWX6BjkhMAZnFLDRlKco0gy8Rw3sZcjL1hGxeUlLua_eZDHqqf0vpnOtO6P9awdJ3LFnw5NAQzzuAeOZZHHfdk9QQBUq3JaVNUja8TnAjJCKWP2M5qKmHD0KG63cXqCuqIW5qjNTOs3sHi4xwnn8s_fJiemw" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">48 reforms</a> to boost public health preparedness and response. You can read them <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUcmO3CAU_BpzRGzG9oHDaBYph0xmspwRhtdu0jZYgMfy3wd3nyKhelRB6UlV1hSYYjrUGnNBJ-hyrKAC7HmGUiChLUPS3ql2YHKQUiCnhKN92yOf9SUBLMbPqqQN0LqNs7em-BhOB-spowO6ql50QlycrYNK0ZJeACWisyMZW8vI8FhsNuchWFDwBemIAdCsrqWsueFPDXurZ993vMTrjqeIb6kKEKaKYb8DoYR-7fhvXhv-9vH0U39_ff-jv700_IUS0jVM_i8QWqXVTHDyen3-8f5b_3r9rJQzSSRBXjHCGOFUUsq5oJjh3pKWX6BjkhMAZnFLDRlKco0gy8Rw3sZcjL1hGxeUlLua_eZDHqqf0vpnOtO6P9awdJ3LFnw5NAQzzuAeOZZHHfdk9QQBUq3JaVNUja8TnAjJCKWP2M5qKmHD0KG63cXqCuqIW5qjNTOs3sHi4xwnn8s_fJiemw" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">here</a>, as they were extensive, but briefly, the changes can be grouped into four categories:</p><ol style="margin-top:0px"><li style="margin:4px 0px 4px 8px"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px"><em><strong>Detection</strong></em>. Initial response systems, like a 24/7 Emergency Operations Center and an Immediate Response Team, to stop the outbreak of emerging infectious diseases, and to make sure that, if any type of infectious diseases break out, the spread can be prevented at the initial stage.</p></li><li style="margin:4px 0px 4px 8px"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px"><em><strong>Treatment</strong></em>. A specialized diagnosis and treatment system, including quarantine facilities; increasing the capacity of testing laboratories; and funding for the development of vaccines and remedies. All of these would promptly detect and prevent the outbreak of emerging infectious diseases.</p></li><li style="margin:4px 0px 4px 8px"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px"><em><strong>Healthcare</strong></em>. Improvement of healthcare facilities to reduce spread within hospitals, like more negative-pressure isolation rooms and "infection control rooms,” which involved building capacity for more beds and hiring more infection specialists.</p></li><li style="margin:4px 0px 4px 8px"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px"><em><strong>Infrastructure</strong></em>. Community-based collaboration between medical centers and local governments. This included restructuring the Korean CDC.</p></li></ol><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">South Korea also already had a strong backbone for these changes, with a fantastic national health insurance system and ample human resources and infrastructure.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">So, when SARS-CoV-2 hit, South Korea was more than prepared. Their first case was in January 2020. They were quickly able to detect, contain, and treat all COVID19 cases. They leveraged a combination of technology and strict quarantine guidelines, but also support. For example, those in quarantine had <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkNGOhCAMRb9meBtDUVEeeNiX_Q1ToTpkEAzgTPz7xTVp2jS3Nzc9BgutMZ16j7mwq03l3EkH-mZPpVBiR6Y0Oat7JaSSsmNWdxbGfmQuT0si2tB5XdJBbD9m7wwWF8PlECMIUOylObSICyjAfun4MI4DDqOUZEdC3tNwB-NhHQVDmj6UzhiIef0qZc-P9uchfmuZ-HEWVIPJoQ3kcc5NTGtVVh9n9E9PmIILa37meJTX8x0TYZWZ04ILwVuQAG3bQSOa0fC-XWgQsuVEwjQ9IFcl2UfHt1U0-ZhzQfNuTNxY0vaF37cLWVU_QL1Zr7__xfr2VOd2BFfOiQLOnuxNpNxg_xlNKwVKFbidsGiQ3dC1vJOCA9wALsh1EUoNrKbbWF1Bn_FIPhr0tDtLm4s-ri6XP6JulQI" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">case officers</a> who provided food delivery, toiletries, psychological counseling if needed, and video-streaming services to keep busy. On May 6, 2020, mandates were relaxed and, by May 20, 2020 schools were back in session.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">There have been small outbreaks since, but they’ve been contained. Concurrently they were also vaccinating, and today, <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEuOwyAQRE8TdmPxM4EFi9nMNSwCbQcFgwXtRL794FhCjfpTKr3yDmEp9bBbaUjOMuGxgc3waQkQoZK9QZ1isKPhyiglSbAyMD1qEts0V4DVxWSx7kC2_ZGidxhLPhVcM84MeVomQbuZGphFGJ3yEsydBU21ktooP1_Gbg8RsgcLb6hHyUCSfSJu7SZ-b_yvv7LXT6kpxBwcuqHUpQ99ecfw83bex_y1biRaTjmnginGhJBs4IP2dBQz3LkSFID7YWSOGqzhJum68KHtj4bOvwZfVlJteLrPK-Zmup6xfrOclN9lh5z6v-454jFBdo8E4eLHK8ZvItMCGWqPN0wOLVPyLgWVilPGLtwz0t5wY-6ku4fSVdkenTEV7xJsMcAaSypLbPgPGQqPtw" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">88% </a>of the population is vaccinated.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">While they are currently experiencing a massive case wave, cumulative deaths in South Korea are clearly differentiated from the U.S. Their preparation, swift response, and vaccination coverage has and will continue to save many, many lives in South Korea.</p><h4 style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:"SF Compact Display",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1.125em;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0px 0.625em"><strong>Vietnam’s lesson</strong></h4><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Vietnam is another interesting case example. During the epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Vietnam was the second country, after China, to face SARS and one of the top four countries hit hardest. Over the course of 100 days, they had 63 cases and a case fatality rate of <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNUcuupSAQ_JrDDsPDo7JgcTfzGwahVebyMNBe498P3rOZhKZT6a4UVFmDsOVy6yNXJM81432ATnDVAIhQyFmhzN7ptxKDGoaeON07Pr0n4uu8FoBofNBYTiDHuQRvDfqcHoaYuOCK7HrqnZFyBAvjOggF68gNgOKLMKpnxn6Ezek8JAsafqDcOQEJekc86kt-vcSfdq7r6q49dz5hQ_-p1QZjK4_wtHrGaMpN80qPkhezBKDVlEqtqVDp5XGnjQT4bPgQEtRK15Ij5TTlH4gLFCoYExQzlZz-PcP9YEm8FkwIJvnAuZQ970Q3WfaWK4xikAxA2O7NDVNY3KtncRNdPZeKxn53NkdStNvN9e1TVY3PedvZHv9-h-1Dc-vxTB7vGdLzbvdxFj8B_Xo9b5CgtODcbFDzoR97yfpBMM4_Rj5hNSCUGklTd7mxkr7zWUK2JsDhHUSfQ958xX_zpq4x" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">8%</a>.</p><div style="line-height:26px;margin-bottom:16px;text-align:center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:8px auto"><tbody><tr><td></td><td align="left" width="520"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUsuu3CAM_ZrJLhEYSMKCxVWl_kbEw8nQSSAFcqfp15dMVpWQnxwfy7bVBZeYTrXHXJpLTOXcUQV85xVLwdQcGdPknRISetn3vHGKOzqKsfF5mhPipv2qSjqw2Q-zequLj-FCwEiByuapDPQMZ0ON0ZwITmfKGPKRWcYJyMHdxPpwHoNFhd-YzhiwWdWzlD0_2NcDftZnXejyYXLR9tXZuNWQ3_SCVc9Y7PPStUyJD_jx-zbY1xKjq_68TnuKS8Kc_TfWeC6Ie0XcFCAuEnHRVGEO-8KaTy0SYYwdeWu0Zi1nA7ZS0LHVzjAwOAxy5F1mnd703xj0O9991Rr3MD7mp8n8MckwcIDetOgkttwybMerMnMwoJCDJXScBJA_wPru145L4xUQAMJoT-vYOO2gGy0RbMahjpUggu0E1USW5B6cbAv8N6MmKffU75cPWVY8pfXPcq3sk6xNTlVvR_DlnDBos6K7l1num_isd1owYKq34iZdFO35wBnhPRBK791d91EdkHJoKruLFRXUGY-0RqtX3L3Dzcc1Lj6Xf51BzBo" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="border:none;display:block;height:auto;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration-line:none;width:auto"><img alt="FIGURE 1. Epidemic curves (numbers of cases by date of symptom onset) for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks in a) Hong Kong, b) Vietnam, c) Singapore, and d) Canada and the corresponding effective reproduction numbers (R) (numbers of secondary infections generated per case, by date of symptom onset) for e) Hong Kong, f) Vietnam, g) Singapore, and h) Canada, 2003. Markers (white spaces) show mean values; accompanying vertical lines show 95% confidence intervals. The vertical dashed line indicates the issuance of the first global alert against SARS on March 12, 2003; the horizontal solid line indicates the threshold value R = 1, above which an epidemic will spread and below which the epidemic is controlled. Days are counted from January 1, 2003, onwards." title="FIGURE 1. Epidemic curves (numbers of cases by date of symptom onset) for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks in a) Hong Kong, b) Vietnam, c) Singapore, and d) Canada and the corresponding effective reproduction numbers (R) (numbers of secondary infections generated per case, by date of symptom onset) for e) Hong Kong, f) Vietnam, g) Singapore, and h) Canada, 2003. Markers (white spaces) show mean values; accompanying vertical lines show 95% confidence intervals. The vertical dashed line indicates the issuance of the first global alert against SARS on March 12, 2003; the horizontal solid line indicates the threshold value R = 1, above which an epidemic will spread and below which the epidemic is controlled. Days are counted from January 1, 2003, onwards." width="520" height="236" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0774226b-ed9e-4c3e-8aa3-3d27e597c018_520x236.jpeg" style="display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; border: none; width: auto;"></a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>Epidemic curves (numbers of cases by date of symptom onset) for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks in <em>a</em>) Hong Kong, <em>b</em>) Vietnam, <em>c</em>) Singapore, and <em>d</em>) Canada and the corresponding effective reproduction numbers (<em>R</em>) (numbers of secondary infections generated per case, by date of symptom onset). Wallinga at al. American Journal of Epidemiology. Source <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEluxCAURE_TLC0mY1iwyCbXsDD8dpNgsBjS8u0DbQmKsVSqZ02FPeVLn6lUNGSt1wk6wrsEqBUyagXy6p2eFRVKCI6c5o7IWSJf1mcGOIwPuuYG6Gxb8NZUn-JwUEkoUeiliZqllGIz2CixAGViEYrLDWMQRlBzB5vmPEQLGv4gXykCCvpV61ke7OtBv_sw1jg4vJ1SOyebjnH1A0Nz9TaMHRG4q-hzxqrrovhCkdcUU4oZEYQwxslEJ2nxzJ6wUMEwALXTTAxWNbsHx8dOp9K2Uo39HTkoa_cy718fi-p-QvqffdT-PPbWa1-PFn29VohmC-BuIPXm-kG07hAhd95uNVUTwRfOMBcUE3L3H4z7gSq1oJ7uUndFfaWWQ7ImwOlH-RTS7kv9B63wj_Y" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Here</a></div><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">After the epidemic, Vietnam stepped up its public health game to prepare for the next threat. Specifically, Vietnam increased public health expenditures per capita <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEGOhCAQRU_TLA0FiLJgMZu5hkGoVtIIBnCMtx9sE6AgxefznzUVl5QvvadSyb1M9dpRRzxLwFoxk6NgnrzTvWJSSSmI08LB2I_El-mdETfjg675QLIfc_DWVJ_irWAjMFBk1UICaxMFzgOfDeXA5_YcigHsDEY9xuZwHqNFjX-YrxSRBL3WupcX_3mx3zbSjvET0xnQLdidKQc3m_jpUl5adzXRBWwboGqUrXIG40C8ZpSx5ikBOBfQsW60tOdvHJjkFJHZrgdDVc3uJei2sK4cc6nGfjqbNpK1W8358bGopgdod5Y78rfZEk-tbkf09Zowmrn97YFRH6ZfPNOCEXNj7SZTNUgxCE6FZBTgyX7zbQem1ECau0tNFfWVjhySNQF373DzKaTFl_oPvrqRDw" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">9%</a> per year. With this spending, they improved their public health infrastructure, developed an emergency operations center and improved national disease surveillance. One thing they developed was a centralized, real-time <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkN2KxCAMhZ9mvBT_au2FF8vC3i3sGxSraUfGalE7pW-_dgohMTGHcD5rKiwpn3pLpaIrjfXcQEc4SoBaIaO9QB69093A5CClQE4LR1WnkC_jnAFW44OueQe07VPw1lSf4qVgijI6oKfujXTzQDhTagJDBGfMKcoFnzjnszX3YbM7D9GChjfkM0VAQT9r3cqDfz3YT4vjOHC0k8cxrDj6J17Su4231bZscvU2QGnPv9_vrqeUE9Ua5DUjjBFOZRtxQTHDypKOz9AzyQkAs7ijhgw1u4cg68Jw2adSjX1hm1aUtXua4-VjGZqe0razXJ4_n83y2Oq6R1_PEaKZAribRr2hfviMC0TIDbYbTdVUil5wIiQjlN7mL8CtYcPQo3bdpaaK-kx7DsmaAJt3sPoU0uJL_Qfy55D6" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">data system</a> in which all hospitals were required to report any infectious diseases for timely epidemiological surveillance.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">This investment prepared Vietnam for the arrival of SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on January 23, 2020. Home to 100 million people and a 1,400 km border with China, Vietnam was thought to be highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. But they leveraged their well invested public health system to do <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkE2OwyAMhU9Tdo3AISQsWMxmrhERcFNUAhE47eT2Q1vJsuWfJ-t9zhKuuZxmz5XYO8107mgSvmpEIizsqFjm4M2gQWmlJPNGejENEwt1vhXEzYZoqBzI9mOJwVkKOb0VMAkQmt0NjGqZcBzA3yS3k9KLllpyzW9yAaXG72N7-IDJocEnljMnZNHcifZ66X8u8NsiH-WVS_QheUu2y2VtQ5efwV_xD7c92nJ9BqRkNxYMcADeCyVE30vRQTc5PvQ3HEH1HBFcNwjLNRV_kXxboavHUsm6R-fyxorxd_t6hFR10wvRbta308-yGZ1b3Y4U6Jwx2SWi_zKgL8oPlXnFhKUh9rMlI5QcZc-lAi7E1_Iba2tA65G17z43VTJn8xmzsxH34HELOeY1VPoHkkCQcQ" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">four things</a>: early action, like lockdowns; contact tracing and testing; quarantining; and clear communication. Together, more than <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUctuxCAM_JrNLRGPhIQDh176G5EDbhaVAAKyVf6-zq6EbAwexsxYaLincpmcauvusLYro4n4VwO2hqU7K5bVOzNpobRSY-fM6PgyLZ2v609BPMAH08qJXT634C00n-KNEAsXXHdPY9UCTKHetFbzJhU6OTmunAQQgBY-xHA6j9GiwReWK0Xsgnm2lutDfj3EN62WHFzDlc49vQabjvdR9rbSxkcaNr65IVANpXkbsPYFcyrtbhFMMEpMUuAzhYzFYr4hPb1I8ANj658QXfBx7216edfTD7whqGCSK86lHPkghsWySf7gLJRkiMIOEwemW3GPkR27GOq51Qb29x6zK8Y94e_Xx6oJzzn17Ldq70sSbaV8nNG3a8UIW0D30bN9bHkrvO4YsZBdboVmuBrnUbJRCcb5R77bIiqE1nNH7C4RKhoSq4RkIWD2Dg-fQtp9bf_Pr6q7" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">90%</a> of Vietnamese people reported that their government responded “very” or “somewhat” well. And, again, many lives continue to be saved because of it.</p><h4 style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:"SF Compact Display",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1.125em;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0px 0.625em"><strong>United States’ lesson…?</strong></h4><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">For decades, the U.S. has neglected public health, which left us a fragmented, outdated, and significantly understaffed infrastructure to adequately fight SARS-CoV-2. This coupled with poor communication, health disparities, poor healthcare coverage, and a highly politicized environment led to losing 1,000,000 Americans in two years. <em>What are we doing to prepare for the future?</em></p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">In the short-term, federal COVID19 funds will run out soon, as a $22.5 billion spending bill was denied last week. (There should be another stand alone COVID funding bill coming, but as NPR <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUUuOhSAQPM1jh-GjCAsWs5lrGIR-SkbBQDvG2w_OS0h1KnSl0lXeISy53PbIFckDE94H2ARX3QARCjkrlCkGOxihjFI9CbYPXA-axDq9C8Du4maxnECOc96idxhzehRCc8ENWW0vnGdOmDArI8fABqN7PXozz8CNduxj7M4QIXmw8AvlzgnIZlfEo77k10t8t3ddV5eO0uWyNCaYEG0w2YAPDzCt1CC11I3gCvRaIwJdczuBVndXGrHScqYU00LziTS_6d6MboqZ-txsH4yBItS26VKgv877mKCSaB8_JrniXMqed6LTng3yDaNQkgEI3w3cMYMlvHq2L6Kr51zR-Z_O550UG1Z3_cRUTdNz3naWJ7n_zxbc1OZ-poj3BMnNG4RPpvip5j_laYEEpVUWJoeWq37sJeuVYJx_InxqakQYM5LmHnJTJXvns2zZuw2OGGCPectLrPgHakGpZA" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">reported</a>, isn’t expected to pass the Senate). This means the government can’t buy more antivirals; preventative treatments for immunocompromised need to be scaled back; funding for monoclonal antibodies will end; and next generation vaccines will be curbed. Congress must act now so we get ourselves out of this reactive public health response and move to a proactive one.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">In the long-term, it does seems that the U.S. is having a conversation about pandemic preparedness. A Congressional committee met this week to discuss the new, bipartisan bill for pandemic preparedness called PREVENT Pandemics Act, which is a proposed $2 billion over 1-6 years. This comes after the White House proposed a <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkctu7CAMhp9m2CUCcpnJgkVVabaniyN1GRFwElQCCJxGefs6MxKyMfi3rc9GIywxnyrFguwyI54JVICjeECEzPYCeXRWdYPsh75vmVWtFY_uwVwZ5wywaecV5h1Y2ifvjEYXw6WQDyHFwFZlJgO8b4XpRN8DzPYOjRFCtNZCI6jkq7HerYNgQMEv5DMGYF6tiKncmo-bfNI5jqM-VoewRpqqXuLv9ZgqEwNCQAr25KO2hW6SS0GOD2Q-Nsg0V6i-dLCwOVN9ZUg6gw1QSvU_61DmmDcXlurfnqtPnfTkvEMHpXq6oH31jLn6hqlOdmZOUXHJaXIhmqYVtawfhnfNDHfZNxxAmroTmg-Y7a3l2yLrsk8FtfmpTdxYVnbVx48LZSC9EJSzXBBfn8RwJL_tweE5QtCTB_vGi-8tvYCPCwTItD07alTE8N42vO0lF-JN89oYBXIY7oy620iqoM64Zx-N9pDcRSL6uLiCf2XnsGk" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">$65 billion pandemic preparedness plan</a> over 10 years. As you can see from the <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEtuxCAQRE8z7Mbi5w8LFtnkGhaGtgcFgwNNRr598FhCoKarVKpnDcKW8qmPVJBc14znATrCuwRAhExqgTx7p3vFBzUMkjgtHZv6ifgyrxlgNz5ozBXIUZfgrUGf4uXgE-NMkZce3SqMYopxO652Wnqgq1rU5CynVjp5B5vqPEQLGv4gnykCCfqFeJSH-Hrw73aOnLYMpXQ-FvRYET6fTR_Rx-15mOhg97Y8M_xW36TPtUbXVk1HvOaUcyrYwJgQknW8myztxQojHwQF4LbrmaEKs3tIum-8K3UpaOxPZ9NOsnYv8_5p2ar5GWua7er-Wbbqc3v3Gj2eM0SzBHA3FbzhfjjNG0TIDbqbDWo2yFEKKgdOGbshXKDbwJUaSUt3qbmiPlPNIVkT4PBXwxTS5gv-AykfmGA" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">figure</a> below, money in each category was significantly reduced and a lot of things were completely cut.</p><div style="line-height:26px;margin-bottom:16px;text-align:center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:8px auto"><tbody><tr><td></td><td align="left" width="444"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUsuunDAM_ZphB4rzALLI4qpSfwPlYZh0IKFJuFP69Q3DqlLkZ-xj-djqgktMp9pjLs0lpnLuqAK-84qlYGqOjGnyTglJe9n3vHGKOxjF2Pg8zQlx035VJR3Y7IdZvdXFx3BV0BEoyOap0Blwpue2t8SikE7YgRKrR95TOgpxA-vDeQwWFX5jOmPAZlXPUvb8YF8P-rM-60KXD5OLtq_Oxq2G_KYXrHrGYp-Xrm1KfNAfv2-DfS0xuurP67SnuCTM2X9jjeeCuNeKG4KKC0RcMFWYw76w5lOLRBhjR94arVnL2YCtFDC22hlGDQ6DHHmXWac3_TcG_c73XLXHvYyP-Rkyf0ycOUfnoNUCZMutIFe_6g7CwjxoEIgTED7-gbqa7teOS-MVJZQSBj0AYxw62o2WCDbjQHtGEKntBGgiS3IPTraF_relJin31O-XD1nWeoD6Z7lI-yTrmFPV2xF8OScM2qzobjrLfRUfgqcFA6Z6LW7SRUHPB85IpY8A3OxdF1IdKuXQVHQXa1VQZzzSGq1ecfcONx_XuPhc_gE43M1H" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="border:none;display:block;height:auto;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration-line:none;width:auto"><img alt="" width="444" height="520.2595419847328" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_444,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef44edd1-a519-4c50-9511-a75c1f7a15ee_1048x1228.jpeg" style="display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; border: none; width: auto;"></a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>(Institute for Progress Source <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEtuxCAQRE8z7Mbi5w8LFtnkGhaGtgcFgwNNRr598FhCoKarVKpnDcKW8qmPVJBc14znATrCuwRAhExqgTx7p3vFBzUMkjgtHZv6ifgyrxlgNz5ozBXIUZfgrUGf4uXgE-NMkZce3SqMYopxO652Wnqgq1rU5CynVjp5B5vqPEQLGv4gnykCCfqFeJSH-Hrw73aOnLYMpXQ-FvRYET6fTR_Rx-15mOhg97Y8M_xW36TPtUbXVk1HvOaUcyrYwJgQknW8myztxQojHwQF4LbrmaEKs3tIum-8K3UpaOxPZ9NOsnYv8_5p2ar5GWua7er-Wbbqc3v3Gj2eM0SzBHA3FbzhfjjNG0TIDbqbDWo2yFEKKgdOGbshXKDbwJUaSUt3qbmiPlPNIVkT4PBXwxTS5gv-AykfmGA" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Here</a>)</div><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">One thing <em>added</em> was improving public health communication and combatting disinformation (maybe Congress saw my <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJx1kcuOwyAMRb-m7BrxyoMFi5FG_Y2IgpOgJoDAmSp_P6RZzWIk2wjZ11c6tgZhjvnQKRYkZxnxSKADvMsKiJDJXiCP3ulW8U51nSROS8eGdiC-jFMG2IxfNeYdSNqfq7cGfQyngg-MM0UWTTkzUtqWil4pyhwooJOd-ona2mH8Mja78xAsaPiBfMQAZNULYio38XXjjxpH3PMarVkheQebj2ucfcGm7M-Cxr4aG7c6lmq6bAp6ey-Ln_A-xXxPJpwae08ZksngApS6-lHz-0285pRzKljHmBCSNbwZLG3FBD3vBAXgtmmZoQqzu0m6zfyPK8naLeb98qGoqmeszswnmE-zchnru-3B4zFCMM8V3IUML_IfiOMMAXK9iBsNatbJXgoqO04ZuwidV6gfrlRPqruLVRX0P1R-AZWhoeU" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">critique </a>last summer that this was desperately missing). PREVENT Act is also proposing the creation of an Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy. This would bring pandemic preparedness front and center at the Executive Office of the White House (and perhaps it means they will be able to request more funding down the line, too.)</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Yesterday, PREVENT Act made it out of the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions committee with <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw1UEGOwyAMfE25bYSBkHDgsJf9RkTASVEJREAa5fdL210J2bKH0XjGmoprypfeU6nkVaZ67agjniVgrZjJUTBP3uleMamkFMRp4WDsR-LLtGTEzfigaz6Q7MccvDXVp_hisBEYKHLXllLOGR17nFEuwCVagX3P1chmLpblI2wO5zFa1PjEfKWIJOh7rXu58e8b-2nvPM_OprhmLKVb07OtZh9CawBDvX_9Y21RMDZrX38wH5QiXjPKGOUgATgX0LFutLTnCw5McorIbNeDoapmdxN0W1lXjrlUYx9NdSNZu7s5Hz4W1fgA7c_68v4Gm_Wp9e2Ivl5TE58Duk8q9RPuO6dpxYi5XeYmUzVIMQhOhWQU4BPCK-g2MKUG0tRdaqyor3TkkKwJuHuHm08hrb7UX639lOA" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">amendments</a> and a 20-2 vote. It will now go to Senate and the House.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">But, is a $2 billion enough for the meaningful, long-term change that we need? As Nikki Teran eloquently <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEtuxCAQRE8z7Mbi5w8LFtnkGhaGtgcFgwNNRr598FhCoKarVKpnDcKW8qmPVJBc14znATrCuwRAhExqgTx7p3vFBzUMkjgtHZv6ifgyrxlgNz5ozBXIUZfgrUGf4uXgE-NMkZce3SqMYopxO652Wnqgq1rU5CynVjp5B5vqPEQLGv4gnykCCfqFeJSH-Hrw73aOnLYMpXQ-FvRYET6fTR_Rx-15mOhg97Y8M_xW36TPtUbXVk1HvOaUcyrYwJgQknW8myztxQojHwQF4LbrmaEKs3tIum-8K3UpaOxPZ9NOsnYv8_5p2ar5GWua7er-Wbbqc3v3Gj2eM0SzBHA3FbzhfjjNG0TIDbqbDWo2yFEKKgdOGbshXKDbwJUaSUt3qbmiPlPNIVkT4PBXwxTS5gv-AykfmGA" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">said</a>:</p><blockquote style="border-left:4px solid rgb(0,104,239);margin:1em 0px"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em 1em"><em>“The total cost of the pandemic in the United States is estimated at <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkEGOwyAMRU9TllFMCJQFi9nMNSICbsqUQATOVLn9kGYkZMuYr89_zhIuuRxmy5XYWSY6NjQJ3zUiERa2VyxT8GbUXGopBfNGeLiPdxbq9CiIqw3RUNmRbfscg7MUcjoV_A4cNHsarsRox1nNMI-Sg_dKKzegdHqGVvxlbHcfMDk0-IvlyAlZNE-ird6Grxv_bufHrjYhvXN5dS6v503eS7Kx_i9be-wx2kLBRWwTVwpU-3MwvOe8H0ACDIOAjnd314_DAxWXQ4_IXTeC7TUVfxP9uvCu7nMl6z5OrBj_tO9XSFU3PUB7s5y5P8sWe2p93VOgY8Jk54j-IkIX2A-jacGEpQH3kyUDUigx9ELyHuACcEJuA9dasebuc1Mlc7SIMTsbcQse15BjXkKlP9hck_M" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">$16 trillion</a>. Even if a pandemic of this magnitude only happens once every 100 years, it would be worth it for the government to spend up to $160 billion every year towards preventing the next pandemic. For reference, the US spends <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkUFu5SAMhk_z2DUCQkiyYFFVmgPMdI8IOHmoBBA4E-X2JX2VkC3b_Lb12RqELZVL5VSR3EbjlUFFOGsARCjkqFC0d2qYuZylFMQp4dg0TMRXvRaA3figsBxA8rEEbw36FG8FnxhnM3kqahy1yzKKlQ90Gi2HaQYhjewFG4eRvQabw3mIFhT8h3KlCCSoJ2Kuj_79wf-0d55nV9HvNcUule3O5DebIkLEFqw-QP31bwbR2OfeKnfq41P_yxCdj5v-CzkV1LTLbiVecco57ZlkrG_rdLybLB36FUYuewrAbTcwQ2cs7iHovvGuHkttvb86m3ZSlHua88vHOjc9Y-3PdgP5KTYeuvn9iB4vDdEsAdwLFb6I_8DTG0Qo7RJOG1RMilH0VEhO2S-Zm34L-DyPpE13qamiutJRQrImQPYOdp9C2nzFb0K0ngs" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">$175 billion each year</a> on counterterrorism. Despite having <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUd2OtSAMfJrDHYYfRbngYpMv-xoGoXrIIhjANb79V_ckpKXQybQzzjbYcrnNkWsjT5jbfYBJcNUIrUEhZ4UyB28GLZRWqife9J5Pw0RCndcCsNsQTSsnkONcYnC2hZwehJi44Jq8jWOr0lKuC3ipFdeTt9Ooh17JYeQTwIfYnj5AcmDgF8qdE5Bo3q0d9SW_XuIbz3Vd3ZrLArVzeceHGhpUzCUvUNoBtkSsBBMcE2dPeG7YfNgS0kZd_g2eck1bpppzWpDLxkqv901rprtNN7U7FNwiVYrz0DMlcFAr4uP9jCG_6_sl_3kL0yi1mJj1JBjkFExyxbmUPe9ENzk2yBVGoSQDEK4buGW6Ff_q2b6Jrp5Lbdb9PJuQYvzbXj8hVY14nLln2yPr3yeqOmPezxTaPUOySwT_Ebx9fPuzYN4gQUE__Wyb4aofe8l6JRjnH30fD7EQWo8E2X1GVDJ3PkvMzkY4goc95Ji3UNt_o7-ypQ" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none">“a 9/11 in deaths every day”</a> for much of the pandemic, the federal government has not moved to act in even a remotely proportionate manner.”</em></p></blockquote><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Another epidemic on American soil will happen sooner than in 100 years, too. Since the Spanish Flu, we’ve seen new diseases emerge more and more rapidly due to climate change and globalization.</p><div style="line-height:26px;margin-bottom:16px;text-align:center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:8px auto"><tbody><tr><td></td><td align="left" width="848"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUsuupCAQ_Zp2p-EpsGBxM8n8huFR2qQVvIC3p-frB3U1CaknVadSp5ypsKT80XsqtTvFVD876AjvskKtkLujQJ6C11yRUY0j67xmHksuu1CmOQNsJqy65gO6_bBrcKaGFM8KIjHBqntqx6VwyCqJhRyFF0xybtmMBbVW8NbyAjaHDxAdaPiB_EkRulU_a93Lg349yO_2nI9DOWypxr0Gl7YWCptZoOkZqnueurWp6UF-fd8G_VpS8s2f12nPaclQSviBFi8VYG8VNwThJwg_YZqwh3tBy-ceELfWSdZbY2jPqIBecSx74y0lFoRQkg2FDmYzf1M073LP1Xrcy7jMa8hymVRSyZnBvUES9cx72isnbU8d91YSEOPMJ8nkH4b5sMelC5ogQhDFI8aUMjyQQTrE6QyCjBQBEDdwbJCq2T8Y2hby34q6rP3TvF8hFtXqMW5_lpOxK9lmnJrejhjqZ4Jo7Ar-5rLeJ3GxOy0QIbdT8ZOpGo9MMIrYSBDGN3XneTSHKCW6hu5Tq4r6k468JmdW2IOHLaQ1LaHUf_8Sy2I" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="border:none;display:block;height:auto;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration-line:none;width:auto"><img alt="" width="550" height="269.1627358490566" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_1696,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F383854a1-a080-4dd3-9c8b-3c5db82e76f5_848x415.png" style="display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; border: none; width: auto;"></a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>Serious Viral Outbreaks Over Past 100 Years, Table can be found <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkctu7CAMhp9m2CUCcpnJgkVVabaniyN1GRFwElQCCJxGefs6MxKyMfi3rc9GIywxnyrFguwyI54JVICjeECEzPYCeXRWdYPsh75vmVWtFY_uwVwZ5wywaecV5h1Y2ifvjEYXw6WQDyHFwFZlJgO8b4XpRN8DzPYOjRFCtNZCI6jkq7HerYNgQMEv5DMGYF6tiKncmo-bfNI5jqM-VoewRpqqXuLv9ZgqEwNCQAr25KO2hW6SS0GOD2Q-Nsg0V6i-dLCwOVN9ZUg6gw1QSvU_61DmmDcXlurfnqtPnfTkvEMHpXq6oH31jLn6hqlOdmZOUXHJaXIhmqYVtawfhnfNDHfZNxxAmroTmg-Y7a3l2yLrsk8FtfmpTdxYVnbVx48LZSC9EJSzXBBfn8RwJL_tweE5QtCTB_vGi-8tvYCPCwTItD07alTE8N42vO0lF-JN89oYBXIY7oy620iqoM64Zx-N9pDcRSL6uLiCf2XnsGk" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.</div><h4 style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:"SF Compact Display",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:1.125em;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0px 0.625em"><strong>Bottom line</strong></h4><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Forgetting about SARS-CoV-2 without preparing or investing in the future will be a dire mistake. Not only for the next SARS-CoV-2 wave but for future viruses and public health emergencies. We prepare by adequately funding short- and long- term public health responses, transforming our infrastructures, improving communication, strengthening interdepartmental, interagency coordination, and developing better surveillance systems. Hundreds of thousands of lives <em>can</em> be saved. We just need to learn from our mistakes, like other countries have in the past.</p><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em">Love, YLE</p><div style="line-height:26px"><hr style="background:rgb(223,233,246);border:none;height:1px;margin:25.6px 0px;padding:0px"></div><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em"><em>“Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE)” is written by Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an epidemiologist, biostatistician, professor, researcher, wife, and mom of two little girls. During the day she has a research lab and teaches graduate-level courses, but at night she writes this newsletter. Her main goal is to “translate” the ever-evolving public health science so that people will be well equipped to make evidence-based decisions. This newsletter is free thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members. To support the effort, please subscribe here:</em></p><div style="direction:ltr;line-height:26px;margin:0px"><p style="color:rgb(26,26,26);line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 1em;text-align:center"><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJx1Ustu2zAQ_BrrFkOknjzo4Fp2IyOx0VhN6l4EmlzZlCXSIKkqyteHipsCLVCAIMDlDHZmdxi1cFJ6zK7KWG-6KjteIZMwmBasBe31BnQleBYRHJM4Dj2ehRylUeoJU9UaoKOizazuwbv2x1YwaoWSEwOnCCPinTMGPEGEsjqseVKzkKQJj0l4RHXECE7xrTHtuQDJIINfoEclwWuzs7VXMwsWM7x2Z1S9bhWjLVwFh06oVp2EsXPTH42l7DJnqnOw6cm0OMIsWFt1ATkLchg3iOHn8QduL0Wj0K4s8K484O1yEPRl7bva67b5Fmzzx2GbH14flpsW7hdi16zwtlwMj03hb5uVKbr2jY1FXMgv6CD8cZevxsfyIhz-jb8UYic2Df363FBMEF9uyPyuXLVP-14fL4Yth4Z-N8lTaR9-qk6lXOjcz_ORbsb9_t6ZjHvbVca5ZE57Pk3ld60DLvpu8jFN-1_gH8N3g-An-CQxJS1I6wCRjxAmJPFEhn2M_QDFCAVBiOZ4njI_CmpIcBz4AJjNI0R9YjWfhX53wn8N19MZP9PhIqQhjo-Qw5wmRR-fbv2uZ9f1UtixAkmPLfBbMuwtYB_qqxNI0C54vKI2Q3GYhIEfxthpvAVhCtunYNedK8eS2X-W_w4rYfBV" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color:rgb(0,104,239);border:none;border-radius:4px;box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";height:auto;line-height:20px;margin:0px;opacity:1;outline:none;padding:12px 20px;white-space:nowrap;color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-line:none">Subscribe now</a></p></div></div></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0px auto"><tbody><tr><td style="font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple 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N4VLEvWKYS6rZQic-_9odl5cewPkamv5K-CvaFBEiNnVN6VrPa045p4JJxoQYWM_7ydJRrHDjUlAAbvuRGaowu26gYeP9_xgka_cwzy8fi2rzjLU32-X3ajYgzTGEGj2eM0Sz7ODerPCN_JVt3iBCbl_hZoOaNTaDoIPkjdQbzYW_XbhSN9LcXWpTUZ9t8T1Zs8PhHQSf9rT5gj-_lp5B" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(0,104,239);text-decoration-line:none"><img alt="Publish on Substack" src="https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_340,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fpublish-on-substack.png" width="170" height="32" style="margin-top: 3px; max-width: 550px; vertical-align: middle; border: none;"></a></p></div></div></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><img width="1px" height="1px" alt="" src="https://email.mg2.substack.com/o/eJwlUEmOxCAMfM1wjDAhJBx4C2Jx0mgIRCzTyu-H7pxslctVZTvT8MjlVleujeBpQtQHJiwD99o0BYKvfKZcMApAvOIetmUjoeq94JevWulIrm5jcKaFnHTwim3AQJKX2s1GwYAD2M1oGV29M3anVvqd29WSj7E23QdMDhX-YblzwgceQsuwZVKuJChGGaMzCIB55jCxaXN0mXdcmZgpInPTAobKVvwPp-fBptptbcb9Ti6fpCj_Mu_fkKoc-wCDc3zif4cjvR717Cm0W2MyNqJ_DmvPa3rF8s0jmZBC8Cdguy9UCd81YmtYyHD0eagmdedeYnYm4hU8niHHfITa_gHzZnxV"></div></div></div></div>