<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><br><div>
<div>Mayor O'Neal says she's "been in conversations with Duke officials, and those conversations are ongoing,”</div><div><br></div><div>Read about it here, and pass it along to other friends and neighbors!</div><div><br></div><div>#ElaineIsOnIt</div><br><blockquote><div id="m_-6517104672401106734yiv7347248223"><div><img src="https://mailgun.substack.com/api/v1/email/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjMwMzAyMTE0NTAyLjMuZDhkY2QxZmY2NjNiNzA2MUBtZy1kMC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6Mjc0NzY0NzIsInIiOiJteW1vbGluYTQ5QHlhaG9vLmNvbSIsImQiOiJtZy1kMC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20iLCJwIjoxMDU5NDMxMDcsInQiOiJuZXdzbGV0dGVyIiwiYSI6ImV2ZXJ5b25lIiwicyI6MTM0MDA5NywiYyI6InBvc3QiLCJmIjp0cnVlLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6InRvcCIsImlhdCI6MTY3Nzc1NzUwNiwiZXhwIjoxNjgwMzQ5NTA2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImVvIn0.oh5fWRwOCEeU7ZagdIkZ_9zaSfb4Gwbh2l9lh4InvcU" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0" style="min-height:1px!important;width:1px!important;border-width:0!important;margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-left:0!important;padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important;padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important"><div style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;overflow:hidden">Most higher education institutions do not pay property taxes, leaving the cities that host them with a gaping revenue loss, but negotiated agreements to bridge that divide are becoming more common. </div><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td width="550"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="left" width="550"><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 auto;max-width:550px;width:100%"><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="right" style="min-height:20px"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:#808080!important;font-family:SF Pro Text,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Inter,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol!important;font-size:13px!important"><a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/bcpi/p/could-durham-ask-duke-for-payments?utm_source=email&redirect=app-store" style="color:#808080!important;text-decoration-line:underline!important" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Open in app</a> or <a href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9iY3BpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wL2NvdWxkLWR1cmhhbS1hc2stZHVrZS1mb3ItcGF5bWVudHM_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56UTNOalEzTWl3aWNHOXpkRjlwWkNJNk1UQTFPVFF6TVRBM0xDSnBZWFFpT2pFMk56YzNOVGMxTURZc0ltVjRjQ0k2TVRZNE1ETTBPVFV3Tml3aWFYTnpJam9pY0hWaUxURXpOREF3T1RjaUxDSnpkV0lpT2lKd2IzTjBMWEpsWVdOMGFXOXVJbjAueUxYd0pwMTdKSnZKd3ZXa1BOTHpJalhZYVNyUFYtMXcwTEZoeDhqQmdOMCIsInAiOjEwNTk0MzEwNywicyI6MTM0MDA5NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6Mjc0NzY0NzIsImlhdCI6MTY3Nzc1NzUwNiwiZXhwIjoxNjgwMzQ5NTA2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.x0HBbzDRG5WMXCYlmkivjjOq9R4P-PvOV-j-6G7rDDw?" style="color:#808080!important;text-decoration-line:underline!important" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">online</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;padding:16px 0 0 0"><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><h1 style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Compact Display',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:32px;font-weight:bold;line-height:36px;margin:0"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=post-email-title&isFreemail=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJpYXQiOjE2Nzc3NTc1MDYsImV4cCI6MTY4MDM0OTUwNiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTEzNDAwOTciLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.yLXwJp17JJvJwvWkPNLzIjXYaSrPV-1w0LFhx8jBgN0" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:none" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Could Durham ask Duke for Payments in Lieu of Taxes?</a></h1><h3 style="color:#808080;font-family:'SF Compact Display',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:18px;font-weight:normal;line-height:24px;margin:4px 0 0;margin-top:12px">Most higher education institutions do not pay property taxes, leaving the cities that host them with a gaping revenue loss, but negotiated agreements to bridge that divide are becoming more common.</h3><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="min-height:20px;margin:1em 0"><tbody><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><div style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Compact Text','SF Pro Text',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Inter','Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.2px;line-height:20px;margin:0;text-decoration:unset;text-transform:uppercase"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/fe242b67-af8c-4d85-a033-905fe448377c?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Compact Text','SF Pro Text',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Inter','Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.2px;line-height:20px;margin:0;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Bull City Public Investigators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><div style="color:#808080;font-family:'SF Compact Text','SF Pro Text',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Inter','Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.2px;line-height:20px;margin:0;text-decoration:unset;text-transform:uppercase"> Mar 2</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align="right"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/fe242b67-af8c-4d85-a033-905fe448377c?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e2db28b-56ab-4c0c-b6b7-a3578f96cbc5_144x144.png" style="border:none!important;border-radius:500000px;min-height:40px;max-width:550px;vertical-align:middle;width:40px" width="40" height="40"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0;min-width:100%"><tbody><tr height="16"><td height="16" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"> </td></tr><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><table role="presentation" width="38" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTY3Nzc1NzUwNiwiZXhwIjoxNjgwMzQ5NTA2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMTM0MDA5NyIsInN1YiI6InJlYWN0aW9uIn0.tgt6xUVyhoWpBlEUXfHcZF4Ztn0ULhUzs4Erf4SKTjI&utm_medium=email" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:100000px;color:#808080;display:inline-block;font-family:'SF Pro Text',-apple-system,ui-sans-serif,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:1;min-width:38px;padding:9px 0;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;width:38px" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="18" height="18" style="border:none!important;max-width:18px;vertical-align:middle" alt=""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="8" style="min-width:8px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle"><table role="presentation" width="38" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJpYXQiOjE2Nzc3NTc1MDYsImV4cCI6MTY4MDM0OTUwNiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTEzNDAwOTciLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.yLXwJp17JJvJwvWkPNLzIjXYaSrPV-1w0LFhx8jBgN0&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:100000px;color:#808080;display:inline-block;font-family:'SF Pro Text',-apple-system,ui-sans-serif,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:1;min-width:38px;padding:9px 0;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;width:38px" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="18" height="18" style="border:none!important;max-width:18px;vertical-align:middle" alt=""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="8" style="min-width:8px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle"><table role="presentation" width="38" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJpYXQiOjE2Nzc3NTc1MDYsImV4cCI6MTY4MDM0OTUwNiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTEzNDAwOTciLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.yLXwJp17JJvJwvWkPNLzIjXYaSrPV-1w0LFhx8jBgN0" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:100000px;color:#808080;display:inline-block;font-family:'SF Pro Text',-apple-system,ui-sans-serif,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:1;min-width:38px;padding:9px 0;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;width:38px" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="18" height="18" style="border:none!important;max-width:18px;vertical-align:middle" alt=""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align="right"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&action=save&triggerSave=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJpYXQiOjE2Nzc3NTc1MDYsImV4cCI6MTY4MDM0OTUwNiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTEzNDAwOTciLCJzdWIiOiJzYXZlLXBvc3QifQ.WH5VM-HcGZCLYV84AUkcfuAX2icqJC91HF18GzTlI5o" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:100000px;color:#808080;display:inline-block;font-family:'SF Pro Text',-apple-system,ui-sans-serif,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:12px;padding:9px 14px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><div style="display:inline-block;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;max-width:0;min-height:18px;vertical-align:middle"></div><span style="vertical-align:middle">Save</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height="16"><td height="16" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;padding:16px 0 0 0"><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:16px;text-align:initial;width:100%"><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0;margin-top:0"><em>This is the first of a three-part series investigating Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) programs that are expanding across the country and how a PILOT program could potentially impact Durham.</em></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><span>As rents continue to sharply increase across Durham and new boxy monoliths with opaque garage doors nestle in between older working-class bungalows, the pressures on the neighborhoods of Durham are building. Housing concerns have dominated the local political discussion for years, with seemingly little relief despite Durham voters overwhelmingly passing a $95 million affordable housing bond in 2019. Last month, some Durham residents and the Housing Action Team from the People’s Alliance crafted an idea to involve Duke University: they joined </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/0ae01379-8e31-459e-8aea-ebe5e4cb3a68?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">a petition calling on Duke to provide on-campus housing for all their undergraduate students</a><span>. The petition has yet to secure 200 signatories after being in circulation for a month, but it has acquired </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/6a14bd13-6262-4fc0-917b-954766344b39?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">some notable critique</a><span>.</span></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><span>Understanding that Duke could be a partner in overcoming the current housing crisis in Durham is a very reasonable consideration. Although in the most recently reported data from our two local universities, the </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/1eec0280-7afc-40ba-b93d-9d0a6fa7773c?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">6,543 undergrads</a><span> at Duke are quite comparable to the </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/a7d79f7d-a001-496b-a62c-60b9e2752dce?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">6,434 undergrads</a><span> at North Carolina Central University, Duke has a staggering $12.1 billion endowment (</span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/a929398c-3384-46b0-b501-0419a11d58d6?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">as of June 30, 2022</a><span>) compared with just over $38 million at NCCU (</span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/4710d2e7-c0b4-48f1-8312-2008b8b4e3f1?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">at the last filing on June 30, 2021</a><span>). According to the federal Department of Education, Duke had </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/8805dfce-e417-4699-a820-79f6f8f9b059?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">the sixteenth-largest endowment</a><span> among all post-secondary institutions in the country in 2020.</span></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><span>Ballasted by its billions in investments, Duke has grown to become a world-recognized research university and medical center. The school and affiliated medical center stretch across four campuses (East, West, Central, and Medical) to occupy over 1,000 acres—as well as another nearly 500 acres at its golf course and over 7,000 acres of Duke Forest. The campuses (and golf course) are all within the Durham city limits, but because the vast majority of building and parcel usage are considered part of educational purposes under IRS 501(c)(3) rules, Duke has tax-exempt status and does not pay property tax on most of their properties. A Bull City Public Investigators review of 2022 property tax bills found that Duke University paid just over $240,000 in property taxes, the Washington Duke Inn paid just over $500,000 in property taxes and the Duke Health System paid over $800,000 in property taxes—$559,764.67 of which came from </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/9deaaaa0-2ea7-4527-b015-48cc191df43a?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">a single new health center on Page Road</a><span>. The few Duke-affiliated properties that are being taxed are properties that are being leased, according to representatives from the Durham County Tax Office. The vast majority of Duke’s property is not subject to property tax, which means the City and County are missing millions of dollars in potential revenue.</span></p><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center"></td><td align="left" width="1456" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/91c0c148-b19a-4ebd-9504-5c3c1dae2349?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="border:none;display:block;height:auto;margin:0;padding:0;text-decoration:none;width:auto" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img alt="" width="550" height="231.1813186813187" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_2912,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e330723-97af-4c50-93aa-d4c22b43d665_2326x978.png" style="border:none!important;display:block;height:auto;margin:0 auto;margin-bottom:0;max-width:100%!important;vertical-align:middle;width:auto!important"></a></td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table> The Duke West Campus parcel from the Durham County Tax Administration’s tax parcel portal. (<a href="https://property.spatialest.com/nc/durham/#/property/108792" target="_blank">https://property.spatialest.com/nc/durham/#/property/108792</a>)</div><h4 style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Compact Display',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:1.125em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0 0.625em 0">An Old Problem with Old Solutions</h4><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><span>It is not just 501(c)(3)-eligible organizations that are exempt from tax: property owned by any level of government is also exempt from paying property tax to localities. In communities with significant federal land, the situation became especially untenable as it put a disproportionally high tax burden on the few parcels of land that were not federally owned. Congress took this matter up in 1976 with a bill that provides Payment in Lieu of Taxes, or PILT when referencing this federal program. The </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/db10263b-d470-4836-bce7-f3aa222d3b93?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Department of Interior administers the PILT program</a><span> and distributed $549.4 million to over 1,900 local governments in 2022.</span></p><h4 style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Compact Display',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:1.125em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0 0.625em 0">PILOT Programs Can Be Voluntary</h4><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><span>Even before the federal PIL<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"></span>T program was initiated, some major research universities had voluntarily negotiated a PILOT arrangement with their host local government as early as the 1920s according to a </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/9e72378f-ed45-4e9f-87c9-9ea917fc5eed?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">2010 report from the Lincoln Institute for Land Policy</a><span> (Harvard is said to have begun making payments to Boston and Cambridge in 1928.) P<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">ILOTS</span> can be viewed as the recapture of lost revenue potential, the reimbursement for services rendered to the tax-exempt property by the local government, or a blend of both intentions. PILOTs often are preceded by lengthy negotiations. Alternatively, some local governments like the </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/86a884d6-ffa9-4a16-a181-487687512c74?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">City of Boston</a><span> have a blanket approach where, in Boston, they request specific amounts of PILOT payments as “voluntary contributions” from any type of tax-exempt entity that owns property valued at over $15 million.</span></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><span>The City of New Haven, Connecticut, and Yale University initiated a PILOT first in 1991, and then in 2021, the partnership accelerated with </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/e80f4671-6171-438d-a8cf-3db804fe74ee?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Yale agreeing to significantly increase their annual contribution by $10 million per year</a><span> to bring their annual PILOT to the City of New Haven to $23 million per year.</span></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/8ea79d2f-a6b6-409d-83c2-f9c2c499591c?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Philadelphia City Schools now receives a $10 million per year</a><span> direct PILOT contribution from the private Ivy League University of Pennsylvania after organizing efforts among UPenn staff and faculty joined a multi-year campaign by pro-labor activists and advocates.</span></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/33297071-81e4-4ff9-b644-13559afc5fbf?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Harvard University has been publicly lambasted</a><span> in the past when they decided to shortchange the City of Boston and the City of Cambridge on their requested PILOTs.</span></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><span>There are also several active PILOT campaigns occurring across the nation. </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/17612ab9-965b-4105-ab2c-bc7f985cf05a?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">In the St. Louis area residents and students are trying to persuade the private Washington University</a><span> to enter into a PILOT to assist local governments. There is even a push at the public University of Virginia to enter into a PILOT with the City of Charlottesville, where </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/c0f44cef-a14a-4da3-a605-e921da571121?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">the UVa Student Council voted just last month</a><span> to tell the University that it should be voluntarily contributing at least $10 million annually to the City’s revenue.</span></p><h4 style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Compact Display',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:1.125em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0 0.625em 0">Mayor Elaine O’Neal says she is on it</h4><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0">Given the flurry of successful PILOT initiatives in peer communities and the recent grassroots endeavors we’ve seen to propose solutions directly to Duke, Bull City Public Investigators summoned our Mayor, the Honorable Elaine O’Neal, to ask if anything might be brewing between the City and our devilish university friends in West Durham.</p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0">“I have been in conversations with Duke officials, and those conversations are ongoing,” Mayor O’Neal told BCPI. A native Durhamite, Mayor O’Neal explained that there are numerous points of discussion that she has been engaged with Duke. Although a champion from the ranks of our leading elected official is quite important to the pursuit of a PILOT, recently initiated PILOTs demonstrate that concerted organizing efforts that join residents with members from the university community can still take years to fully develop into a PILOT agreement.</p><table cellspacing="16px" width="100%" style="margin:32px auto;max-width:600px"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:8px;color:#404040;font-family:-apple-system,-system-ui,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding:16px 16px 8px;width:100%"><tbody><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#808080;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:4px;padding:0">POLL</td></tr><tr style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,-apple-system,-system-ui,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:8px;vertical-align:top"><td>Should the City of Durham pursue a PILOT with Duke University?</td></tr><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0 12px"><tbody><tr><td width="100%"><a href="https://substack.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.boeC85N5yAeb7Ztd2aIL_d1A7Hl0sFZl7RxBsV0NY84?" style="background-color:#eeeeee;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:4px;color:#808080;display:block;min-height:100%;padding:10px 0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:100%" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><div style="color:#404040;display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;min-height:100%;line-height:20px;width:100%">Yes! Why hadn't we tried years ago?</div></a></td></tr><tr><td width="100%"><a href="https://substack.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.IDFcNiJ8eONhcHgLF_ewWCjZ6d77dMmFg7a7xZ7ktCY?" style="background-color:#eeeeee;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:4px;color:#808080;display:block;min-height:100%;padding:10px 0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:100%" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><div style="color:#404040;display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;min-height:100%;line-height:20px;width:100%">Ok. It's certainly worth a shot.</div></a></td></tr><tr><td width="100%"><a href="https://substack.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.MHZVPBJ41ieAH0SS4VSxdKgn71T5eoHH_hv2TZxacJs?" style="background-color:#eeeeee;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:4px;color:#808080;display:block;min-height:100%;padding:10px 0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:100%" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><div style="color:#404040;display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;min-height:100%;line-height:20px;width:100%">No- it's not worth the effort.</div></a></td></tr><tr><td width="100%"><a href="https://substack.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.am3qbnjjbkz4qc8ob3tBf6eaR4FsOdA49lBZjXPs0MY?" style="background-color:#eeeeee;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:4px;color:#808080;display:block;min-height:100%;padding:10px 0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:100%" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><div style="color:#404040;display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;min-height:100%;line-height:20px;width:100%">Let's read Part 2 before deciding.</div></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><h4 style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Compact Display',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:1.125em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.16em;margin:1em 0 0.625em 0">Part 2: Coming Next Week</h4><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0">We will continue our investigation into what a PILOT could look like in Durham with another installment next week. We anticipate having additional interview material and will take a deeper dive into the tax valuations of Duke property.</p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><em><span>Do you have a story lead or tip? Contact BCPI at </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/3fcdee5f-53c1-47c8-afd1-1bbee417d571?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">BCPI.durham@gmail.com</a></em></p><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0"><em><span>Follow us on </span><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/96998751-c6fe-416b-8906-c76235521c4a?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="color:#404040;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Twitter @BCPI_</a></em></p><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:0"><div style="color:#404040;direction:ltr!important;display:block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;margin:24px auto;max-width:560px;padding:32px;text-align:center;text-decoration:none"><div style="display:flex;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:18px;font-weight:400;line-height:22px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:16px;max-width:384px;text-align:center"><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0">Thanks for reading BCPI's Substack! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work.</p></div><div style="direction:ltr;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 1em"><p style="color:#404040;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:0 0 20px 0;text-align:center"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9iY3BpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9hY2NvdW50IiwicCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJzIjoxMzQwMDk3LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1IjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwiaWF0IjoxNjc3NzU3NTA2LCJleHAiOjE2ODAzNDk1MDYsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.Y63aFWZZI6b9eFucnYgwwTidN66Q3QivqZ7CMJNFiw0?" style="background:transparent;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid #ff6b00;border-radius:4px;color:#ff6b00;display:inline-block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:14px;font-weight:600;height:auto;line-height:20px;margin:0 auto;outline:none;padding:12px 20px;text-align:center;text-decoration:none!important;white-space:nowrap" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_40,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideCheck%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D40%26fill%3Dtransparent%26stroke%3D%2523FF6B00%26strokeWidth%3D3.6" width="20" height="20" style="border:none!important;display:inline-block;height:auto;margin:8px 0 0;max-width:20px;vertical-align:middle" alt=""><span style="text-decoration:none">Subscribe</span></a></p></div></div></div></div></div><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0;min-width:100%"><tbody><tr height="16"><td height="16" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"> </td></tr><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0 auto"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTY3Nzc1NzUwNiwiZXhwIjoxNjgwMzQ5NTA2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMTM0MDA5NyIsInN1YiI6InJlYWN0aW9uIn0.tgt6xUVyhoWpBlEUXfHcZF4Ztn0ULhUzs4Erf4SKTjI&utm_medium=email" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:100000px;color:#808080;display:inline-block;font-family:'SF Pro Text',-apple-system,ui-sans-serif,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:12px;padding:9px 14px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="18" height="18" style="border:none!important;margin-right:8px;max-width:18px;min-height:18px;min-width:18px;vertical-align:middle" alt=""><span style="vertical-align:middle">Like</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="8" style="min-width:8px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJpYXQiOjE2Nzc3NTc1MDYsImV4cCI6MTY4MDM0OTUwNiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTEzNDAwOTciLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.yLXwJp17JJvJwvWkPNLzIjXYaSrPV-1w0LFhx8jBgN0&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:100000px;color:#808080;display:inline-block;font-family:'SF Pro Text',-apple-system,ui-sans-serif,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:12px;padding:9px 14px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="18" height="18" style="border:none!important;margin-right:8px;max-width:18px;min-height:18px;min-width:18px;vertical-align:middle" alt=""><span style="vertical-align:middle">Comment</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="8" style="min-width:8px"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td align="center"><a href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=1340097&post_id=105943107&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzQ3NjQ3MiwicG9zdF9pZCI6MTA1OTQzMTA3LCJpYXQiOjE2Nzc3NTc1MDYsImV4cCI6MTY4MDM0OTUwNiwiaXNzIjoicHViLTEzNDAwOTciLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.yLXwJp17JJvJwvWkPNLzIjXYaSrPV-1w0LFhx8jBgN0" style="border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:100000px;color:#808080;display:inline-block;font-family:'SF Pro Text',-apple-system,ui-sans-serif,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:12px;padding:9px 14px;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width="18" height="18" style="border:none!important;margin-right:8px;max-width:18px;min-height:18px;min-width:18px;vertical-align:middle" alt=""><span style="vertical-align:middle">Share</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align="right"><table role="presentation" width="auto" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height="16"><td height="16" style="font-size:0px;line-height:0"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="color:#808080;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;padding:24px 0;text-align:center"><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;padding:0 24px"><div style="color:#404040;font-family:'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,-apple-system,-system-ui,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:16px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-0.31px;line-height:20px;margin:0;margin-bottom:4px;text-decoration:unset">Read BCPI's Substack in the app</div><div style="color:#808080;font-family:-apple-system,-system-ui,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:14px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-0.15px;line-height:20px;margin:0;margin-bottom:16px;text-decoration:unset">Listen to posts, join subscriber chats, and never miss an update from Bull City Public Investigators.</div><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/ced0259d-27f1-474d-9c36-9efab09f4c7e?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="border-radius:8px;display:inline-block;margin:0 4px;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img alt="Get the iOS app" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_246,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fapp-store.png" width="123" height="40" style="border:none!important;max-width:550px;vertical-align:middle"></a><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/98ad02ac-8357-487c-a090-c062d63b6d78?j=eyJ1IjoiZ2N3emMifQ.RQYyeV40NEDJycVk9gr2DuYm8he69H-bJt5e8H9cxyk" style="border-radius:8px;display:inline-block;margin:0 4px;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img alt="Get the Android app" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fgoogle-play.png%3Fv%3D1" width="135" height="40" style="border:none!important;max-width:550px;vertical-align:middle"></a></div></div><div style="border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:24px 0"></div><div style="font-size:16px;line-height:26px;padding-bottom:24px"><p style="color:#808080;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0;line-height:16px;margin:0;padding-bottom:0;text-decoration:unset">© 2023 <span>Bull City Public Investigators</span><br>Durham, NC 277XX <br><a href="https://substack.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.jkD_7hZbeR2GZVUiS2VbSdyh-q00OJal3wt_JjBNwTI?" style="color:#808080;text-decoration:underline" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span style="color:#808080;text-decoration:underline">Unsubscribe</span></a></p></div><p style="color:#808080;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-size:12px;line-height:20px;margin:0;margin-top:0;padding:0 24px;padding-bottom:0"><a href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc2lnbnVwP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY29udGVudD1mb290ZXImdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWF1dG9maWxsZWQtZm9vdGVyJmZyZWVTaWdudXBFbWFpbD1teW1vbGluYTQ5QHlhaG9vLmNvbSIsInAiOjEwNTk0MzEwNywicyI6MTM0MDA5NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6Mjc0NzY0NzIsImlhdCI6MTY3Nzc1NzUwNiwiZXhwIjoxNjgwMzQ5NTA2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.Fb4WEDHu6HGjfC7GpVx8jUGetbhvQ7e1tfl0RDdWZsk?" style="color:#808080;display:inline-block;margin:0 4px;text-decoration:none" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png" width="135" alt="Start writing" height="40" style="border:none!important;max-width:550px;vertical-align:middle"></a></p></div></div></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><img src="https://mailgun.substack.com/api/v1/email/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjMwMzAyMTE0NTAyLjMuZDhkY2QxZmY2NjNiNzA2MUBtZy1kMC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6Mjc0NzY0NzIsInIiOiJteW1vbGluYTQ5QHlhaG9vLmNvbSIsImQiOiJtZy1kMC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20iLCJwIjoxMDU5NDMxMDcsInQiOiJuZXdzbGV0dGVyIiwiYSI6ImV2ZXJ5b25lIiwicyI6MTM0MDA5NywiYyI6InBvc3QiLCJmIjp0cnVlLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6ImJvdHRvbSIsImlhdCI6MTY3Nzc1NzUwNiwiZXhwIjoxNjgwMzQ5NTA2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImVvIn0._7KJhqkW1tgke_0iaJCGK12mCRFZMopKmleLtYqOHDQ" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0" style="min-height:1px!important;width:1px!important;border-width:0!important;margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-left:0!important;padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important;padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important"><img width="1px" height="1px" alt="" src="https://email.mg-d0.substack.com/o/eJxFkEuOhSAQRVfTzNoUH0UHrIUUUPpIKxjE13H3jc9BT6tuzv14rLTkcpk9H5XRhnG1CyUq7R4sVsMHrXWvexi40iyYQeLcBxYPOxf66E0tJ7H9dGv0WGNONgbDpQKYNHuZcXLCoQY5KkejRESncHQwKxFASs9uZ4tniJQ8GXpTuXIi5vO2Uao37JHcVOgnJTloFo0AIUGC4Fz1IDrZhTH4wOd5GKTTLe6Xgm35DtAdpzsq-p-uIVkx27XlNSZUU1Nc-Mr582gF7O15plgvSwndSuHpVp91zoPKnUJopQelxROrXjuZRL_HSrVSYc0t5LZLMs7vkdH_gvoPXsJ5UA"></div></div><blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
</div></div></div>